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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Degree of coherence ： ウィキペディア英語版 Degree of coherence In quantum optics, correlation functions are used to characterize the statistical and coherence properties of an electromagnetic field. The degree of coherence is the normalized correlation of electric fields. In its simplest form, termed $g^$, it is useful for quantifying the coherence between two electric fields, as measured in a Michelson or other linear optical interferometer. The correlation between pairs of fields, $g^$, typically is used to find the statistical character of intensity fluctuations. First order correlation is actually the amplitude-amplitude correlation and the second order correlation is the intensity-intensity correlation. It is also used to differentiate between states of light that require a quantum mechanical description and those for which classical fields are sufficient. Analogous considerations apply to any Bose field in subatomic physics, in particular to mesons (cf. Bose–Einstein correlations). == Degree of first-order coherence == The normalized first order correlation function is written as: :$g^(\; \backslash mathbf\_1,t\_1;\backslash mathbf\_2,t\_2)=\; \backslash frac\_2,t\_2)\; \backslash right\; \backslash rangle\}\_2,t\_2)\backslash right\; |^2\; \backslash right\; \backslash rangle\; \backslash right\; )^\}$ Where <> denotes an ensemble (statistical) average. For non-stationary states, such as pulses, the ensemble is made up of many pulses. When one deals with stationary states, where the statistical properties do not change with time, one can replace the ensemble average with a time average. If we restrict ourselves to plane parallel waves then $\backslash mathbf=z$. In this case, the result for stationary states will not depend on $t\_1$, but on the time delay $\backslash tau=t\_1-t\_2$ (or $\backslash tau=t\_1-t\_2-\backslash frac$ if $z\_1\; \backslash ne\; z\_2$). This allows us to write a simplified form :$g^(\; \backslash tau)=\; \backslash frac$ where we now average over t. In optical interferometers such as the Michelson interferometer, Mach-Zehnder interferometer, or Sagnac interferometer, one splits an electric field into two components, introduces a time delay to one of the components, and then recombines them. The intensity of resulting field is measured as a function of the time delay. The visibility of the resulting interference pattern is given by $|g^(\; \backslash tau)|$. More generally, when combining two space-time points from a field :visibility=$\backslash left\; |\; g^(\; \backslash mathbf\_1,t\_1;\backslash mathbf\_2,t\_2)\; \backslash right\; |.$ The visibility ranges from zero, for incoherent electric fields, to one, for coherent electric fields. Anything in between is described as partially coherent. Generally, $g^(0)=1$ and $g^(\backslash tau)=g^(-\backslash tau)^$ *. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Degree of coherence」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.